16^th World Congress on Gastroenterology & Therapeutics October 30-31, 2020 Osaka, Japan

Gastrointestinal immunology deals with the immune reaction of the gastrointestinal tract to the external stimulus. Failure in responding is important as it deals with the function of gastrointestinal tract system. This field of science is rendering a new scope in development in terms of research. The latest developments in organ transplantation of the liver and gut is example for the progress in treatment of gastrointestinal immunology

The inflammation of Pancreas leads to pancreatic diseases. Digestive enzymes are activated before they are released into the small intestine. These enzymes are released into small intestine and begins attacking the pancreas. This is commonly known as Pancreatitis. The latter stages of the disease may develop diabetes mellitus.

Liver is the largest solid organ in the body located under ribcage on the right side of abdomen. It plays an important role in many bodily functions from protein production and blood clotting to cholesterol, glucose (sugar), and iron metabolism. Over damage of the liver is known as Cirrhosis, which can lead to liver failure, a life threatening condition.

Nutritional health is maintained by a state of equilibrium in which nutrient intake and requirements balance. Malnutrition occurs when net nutrient intake is less than requirements. Malnutrition leads to a succession of metabolic abnormalities, physiological changes, reduced body mass and organ function. Many gastrointestinal diseases have nutritional effects. The role will be on the liver in regulating the availability of carbohydrates, lipids and essential substrates to peripheral tissues. The clinical features and specific effects of malnutrition on the gastrointestinal tract and liver will be discussed along with diet therapy in gastrointestinal disease.

An upper gastrointestinal series, also called an upper gastrointestinal study or contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract, is a series of radiographs used to examine the gastrointestinal tract for abnormalities. Radiology can be done in many ways like x-ray, computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging. Computed tomography now allows comprehensive assessment of abdominal and pelvic inflammatory and infectious processes, obstruction, tumour detection and staging, and display of vasculature and blunt trauma effects.

Molecular biology has become an integral part of basic and clinical gastroenterology. Recent progress in the molecular analysis of Whipple's disease and colorectal cancer, two major problems in clinical gastroenterology. The inference of new molecular data for the understanding of the pathobiology in gastrointestinal diseases have become essential for studies.Genetics have led to an increased understanding of the genetic determinants of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Currently recognized clinical indications for genetic testing covers diagnostic testing, presymptomatic testing, new-born screening, carrier testing, prenatal testing, and pharamacogenetic testing.

Increase in the growth of gastrointestinal disorders has driven the requirement for more efficient endoscopic visualization and instrumentation. The more widespread use and the recent development of new technologies and accessories had renewed the interest of endoscopic visualization of the biliary tract

Neurogastroenterology encompasses the study of the brain, the gut, and their interactions with relevance to the understanding and management of gastrointestinal motility and functional gastrointestinal disorders. It majorly involves Motility disorders consisting of gastroesophageal reflux ailment, the damage of the mucosa of the esophagus caused by rising stomach acid through the lower esophageal sphincter.

It involves the chronic inflammation of digestive tract. Approximately 1.6 million Americans currently have IBD, a growth of about 200,000 since the last time CCFA reported in 2011. As many as 70,000 new cases of IBD are diagnosed in the United States each year. There may be as many as 80,000 children in the United States with IBD.

Pregnancy causes anatomic and physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Pregnant women with intestinal disease such as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis pose a management challenge in clinical diagnosis, radiologic evaluation, and treatment secondary to potential risk to the fetus. . Listeriosis is one such infection that can directly harm the foetus, as the organism can directly cross the placenta due to its intracellular lifecycle and is fatal to the neonate.

Bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) includes a variety of procedures performed on people who have obesity. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach with a gastric band or through removal of a portion of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-routing the small intestine to a small stomach pouches (gastric bypass surgery).

The Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology deals with gastrointestinal malignancies, including cancers of the liver, bile duct, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small bowel, stomach, esophagus and rare tumors. The diagnosis often requires endoscopy, followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue. The treatment depends on the location of the tumor, as well as the type of cancer cell and whether it has invaded other tissues or spread elsewhere. These factors also determine the prognosis.

Children are not just small adults. Their bodies are growing and have unique medical needs. They usually express their concerns differently than adults. Pediatric Gastroenterology created as a sub-forte of pediatrics and gastroenterology. It is worried about treating the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas of kids from earliest stages until age eighteen. The important illnesses it is worried about are intense loose bowels, tireless spewing, gastritis, and issues with the improvement of the gastric tract A paediatrician can give treatment to numerous gastric sicknesses, however ceaseless maladies, related with the nourishment of the youngsters, the pancreas or the liver should be dealt with by a master.

Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specializing solely on this area, who are called hepatologists. Understanding the multi-disciplinary nature of nutrition science and clinical nutrition and having a basic understanding of gastrointestinal tract digestive and absorptive physiology can only help sort out the many issues involved.

Gastrointestinal pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract and accessory organs, such as the pancreas and liver. The gastrointestinal (GI) pathology determines quality diagnostic histopathology on gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies and resections of the gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary systems.

 Liver irritation is a response that occurs when liver cells are assaulted with the aid of a illness bringing on microorganism or substance. Most styles of hepatitis end result from viral sickness, despite the fact that from time to time it is delivered on by way of an immune gadget trouble, in which the body's secure framework assaults liver cells because it cannot differentiate between risky trespassers and solid liver tissue. Harm to the liver from liquor, pollution, and certain medicines can likewise bring about inflammation. Liver Immunology implies the special connection among the liver and the immune system. Livers hose down immunity to one of this diploma, to the factor that they can be transplanted without dismissal sometimes. Livers can be endured, in addition to keep the dismissal of other organ unites from a similar benefactor, a manner known as immune tolerance.

 Endoscope is a medical device it is used to look inside the body, where doctor used to examine a person’s gastrointestinal tract by non-surgical procedure. Endoscopy is done to examine the cause of abnormal symptoms in the body, removal of small tissue sample for laboratory testing which is known as Endoscopic Biopsy. Endoscopy is of different types based on the area of the body they investigate.

Surgery in common terms is used to remove a cancerous or noncancerous growth or damaged part of the body. Gastrointestinal surgery is a treatment for diseases of the parts of the body involved in digestion. This includes the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. It also includes the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Minor surgical procedures are used to screen and diagnose problems of the digestive system.